“It is and it isn’t: Stereotypes, Advertising and Narrative” Precis

In the article “It is and it isn’t: Stereotypes, Advertising and Narrative” David Wall asserts that stereotypes, advertising and narrative are very powerful and that they are based of truths but does not make them truthful. Wall talks about how in politics images are made to humiliate a person or people in a campaign or for something they said; how advertising and television use stereotypes, sex, and race; how stereotypes have some truth and that they have come from history; and how an advertisement can be read one way or another depending on the viewer. The author’s purpose is to explain that stereotypes affect the media in order to show the power of the media and the stere0types or race and sex. The audience are people in the media or someone wanting to know a little about stereotypes in the media.

WALL, DAVID. "It Is And It Isn't: Stereotypes, Advertising And Narrative." Journal Of Popular Culture 41.6 (2008): 1033-1050. Academic Search Premier. Web. 16 Apr. 2013.

“Who Can Say What?” Precis

In the article “Who Can Say What?” by Betsy Rubiner et. al they argue only certain people can say certain things at certain times and that there is a fine line of what can be said and what can’t. The authors’ start with events one a radio show and use other celebrities and talk show host and what their racist comments that have gotten them into trouble and how in some cases it is okay to use those terms or sayings. The purpose is to show that what is said in the media can be seen as racist but at other times it may not be but the line for what is appropriate to be said and what cannot be said is fine and can be easily crossed but no one really knows where this line is. The audience for this article are people wanting to be in the media and seeing how a comment can get you into trouble and effect a career in the media.

Rubiner, Betsy, et al. "Who Can Say What? (Cover Story)." Time 169.17 (2007): 32-38. Academic Search Premier. Web. 16 Apr. 2013.

"Speaking For Ourselves" Precis

Makani Themba-Nixon and Nan Rubin article, “Speaking For Ourselves”, claim that people of color, women, poor and the youth are misrepresented in the media or hardly represented implying that only the negative things are shown off in the media. The authors’ talks about how African Americans in Mississippi took a stand to get better coverage, the youth in the Bay Area demanded better coverage instead of all the negative press, how other places people have demanded better coverage and back to Mississippi where it all started getting better coverage. The authors’ purpose is to inform the reader of how only the negative is represented and "… if the story is positive, they will focus on an individual. If it's negative, they will focus on the organization. It's a clear media bias that it's OK for an individual to have power but not OK for our communities to have organizations with power". This audience is for people of color, women, poor the young, people in the media or anyone being misrepresented by the media so that this issue can be stopped.

                                                                                                

Themba-Nixon, Makani, and Nan Rubin. "Speaking For Ourselves." Nation 277.16 (2003): 17-19. Academic Search Premier. Web. 16 Apr. 2013.

Right- Wing Racism: Past, Present-And Future” Precis

In Eric Alterman’s article “Right- Wing Racism: Past, Present-And Future” suggest that there is racism in the media and politics and that there always will be racism. Alterman talks about what some people in the media have said pertaining to race, how racism coasted Obama votes in the 2008 and 2012 presidential election, how the past of racism and what was social accepted but is now not is effecting people and what they do know, and he talks about how “racism remains a consistent if rarely acknowledged fact of modern American political life.” The author brings up these points of racism and how the past is used in the future as racism or why an African-American does what they do in order to explain that racism in the media and politics will be never ending. The audience is someone in or working in the media and people in politics that want to know about racism in media and politics.

 

Alterman, Eric. "Right-Wing Racism: Past, Present-And Future." Nation 294.12 (2012): 10. Academic Search Premier. Web. 16 Apr. 2013.

"Cannabis Effects and Dependency ConcernsiIn Long-Term Frequent Users: A Missing Piece of the Public Health Puzzle *" by Andrew D. Hathaway Precis

In Andrew D. Hathaway’s article “CANNABIS EFFECTS AND DEPENDENCY CONCERNS IN LONG-TERM FREQUENT USERS: A MISSING PIECE OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH PUZZLE” (2003), “examines the perceived cost s and benefits of cannabis consumption” (Hathaway 441) that show that the “reported advantages outweigh the negative use outcome” (Hathaway 441). Hathaway starts off with key words, and introduction, methods, findings, the cost and benefits of using cannabis, dependency criteria, discussion, tables, acknowledgment, and then his references. The author’s purpose is to explain the effects and dependency concerns for long-term frequent cannabis user in order to show that the positive outweighs the negative outcomes. The audience is cannabis users and people concerned about someone that is a frequent cannabis user.

Hathaway, Andrew D. "Cannabis Effects and Dependency ConcernsiIn Long-Term Frequent Users: A Missing Piece of the Public Health Puzzle *." Addiction Research & Theory 11.6 (2003): 441-458. Academic Search Premier. Web. 11 Mar. 2013.

 

 

"Long-Term Heavy Cannabis Use: Implications for Health Education" by David Shewan, Niall Coggans, Phil Dalgarno, and Lindsay Johnson Precis

In David Shewan, Niall Coggans, Phil Dalgarno, and Lindsay Johnson’s article, “Long-term Heavy Cannabis Use: implications for health education” (2004), suggest that cannabis has negative effects on heath that may link with psychiatric illness. They support and build the thesis with an introduction; talk about cannabis and mental health/dependence/repertory functioning; long-term cannabis users’ experiences and perceptions; methods; the sample of long-term cannabis users;  tables; amount and pattern of cannabis consumption/consumed; pattern of lifetime cannabis use; cannabis and health; perceived effects; reported effects; dependence on cannabis and other drugs; cannabis-related personal rules; information about cannabis; discussion; concluding comments; acknowledgements; and references. The purpose of the authors’ is to discuss the effects of long-term heavy cannabis use for health education. This is directed to mostly cannabis users and somewhat to any drug users or someone who wants to learn about the effects of cannabis and other drugs.

David Shewan, et al. "Long-Term Heavy Cannabis Use: Implications for Health Education." Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy 11.4 (2004): 299-313. Academic Search Premier. Web. 11 Mar. 2013.

Precis “Actions of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Cannabis: Relation to Use, Abuse, Dependence” by Zia D. Cooper and Margaret Haney

Zia D. Cooper and Margaret Haney imply, in their article “Actions of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Cannabis: Relation to Use, Abuse, Dependence” (2009), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol is addictive and that is causes cannabis smokers that seek treatment to relapse. Cooper and Haney build and support their thesis with discussing the prevalence of use and dependence; cannabinoids and reward; reinforcing effects of cannabinoids; dependence and withdrawal; opioidergic contribution to cannabinoid effects; conclusions; acknowledgements; declaration of interest; and references. Their purpose is to explain the delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and the CB1 receptor in order to describe the “behavioral effects of exogenous cannabinoids with a focus on cannabinoid dependence and reinforcement” (Cooper and Haney 104). The article mostly talks about the addictive qualities of cannabis and cannabis smokers relapsing so this is for cannabis users trying to get help and people helping cannabis users get clean.

Cooper, Ziva D., and Margaret Haney. "Actions Of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol In Cannabis: Relation to Use, Abuse, Dependence." International Review of Psychiatry 21.2 (2009): 104-112. Academic Search Premier. Web. 11 Mar. 2013.

Precis Patterns of Cannabis Use and Positive and Negative Experiences of Use Amongst University Students" by Richard Hammersley and Vicki Leon

 In Richard Hammersley and Vicki Leon’s article “Patterns of Cannabis Use and Positive and Negative Experiences of Use Amongst University Students" claim there are two types of users and fewer users bout cannabis often and used it in a more controlled pattern so that they could explain users’ experiences of positive and negative effects.  The authors explain what cannabis is, the benefits of it, a study conducted on users in a university, the results of the study, the aim of the study, other drugs, the positive and negative experiences/effects of the users. Their purpose is “To examine cannabis users’ patterns of use, their experiences of the positive and negative effects of use, their use of other substances and possible health risks, in the context of increased prevalence of use” (Hammersley and Leon 189) in order to show the effects of using. The study is based off of students at a university making the audience students that use or are thinking about using cannabis while in school.

Hammersley, Richard, and Vicki Leon. "Patterns of Cannabis Use and Positive and Negative Experiences of Use Amongst University Students." Addiction Research & Theory 14.2 (2006): 189-205. Academic Search Premier. Web. 11 Mar. 2013.

Good Reason Chapter 13 Precis

                In the book Good Reasons, in chapter 13, Lester Faigley and Jack Selzer suggest steps to writing a proposal argument and the understanding of a proposal argument so that the reader can write their own proposal argument. The authors start off with how to understand how a proposal argument works, to recognize components of proposal arguments, how to build a proposal argument, the steps to writing one and examples of proposal arguments. Their purpose is to teach the reader to identify and define the problem; to state a proposal solution; convince readers the proposed solution is fair and will work; and to demonstrate that the solution is feasible in order to know how to write and understand a proposal argument. The audience is anyone wanting to write or understand how a proposal argument works.

“Un-Friend My Heart: Facebook, Promiscuity, and a Heartbreak in a Neoliberal Age” (2011) by Ilana Gershon Precis

The article “Un-Friend My Heart: Facebook, Promiscuity, and a Heartbreak in a Neoliberal Age” (2011) by Ilana Gershon argues how Facebook affects relationships and people to show that Facebook can be harmful like other social sites. The author talks about college students she interviewed, about Facebook, how Facebook ruins relationships, how they use Facebook after a break up, and why students deactivate their profiles. Her purpose is “that Facebook encourages (but does not require) users to introduce a neoliberal logic to all their intimate relationships, which these particular users believe turns them into selves they do not want to be” (Gershon 865) in order to show the issues it causes and can cause. Facebook users that are in relationships is the audience because she talks about how it affects their relationships during and after the break up but all Facebook users are the audience since it talks about Facebook and its use.

Gershon, Ilana. "Un-Friend My Heart: Facebook, Promiscuity, And Heartbreak In A Neoliberal Age." Anthropological Quarterly 84.4 (2011): 865-894. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.

“Social Network Sites: Definition, History and Scholarship” by Danah M. Boyd and Nicole B. Ellison Precis

In the article “Social Network Sites: Definition, History and Scholarship” (2007) the authors, Danah M. Boyd and Nicole B. Ellison, declare what a social network site, use and history of social network sites. They start with an introduction to social network sites, defining social network sites, a timeline of social network sites, the history of social network sites, previous scholarship, an overview of theme section, and future research. Boyd and Ellison’s purpose is to explain social network sites and their uses in order to inform people about social network sites. The audience is anyone wanting to learn about social network sites.

Boyd, Danah M., and Nicole B. Ellison. "Social Network Sites: Definition, History, And Scholarship." Journal Of Computer-Mediated Communication 13.1 (2007): 210-230. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.

Policing Social Media” by Daniel Trottier Precis

In “Policing Social Media” (2012) by Daniel Trottier claims police and other professions use Facebook and fake Facebook profiles to explain that they use social networking sites to find out information. The author writes that Facebook was used in Vancouver for the 2011 riot, the theory of policing the media, describes how Facebook was used in the 2011 Vancouver riot, investigating through fake Facebook profiles, how police legally use fake profiles, the relations between the police and public, and if social networks are insecure. Trottier’s purpose is just to inform the use of social networking sites in order to explain how they use it, that it is legal and relations with the public. The audience for this is police and Facebook users that think that their rights are violated when police collect evidence from their profiles online.

Trottier, Daniel. "Policing Social Media." Canadian Review of Sociology 49.4 (2012): 411-425. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.

“Facebook Fakebook” by Ruth Ellen Gruber Precis

Ruth Ellen Gruber’s article “Facebook Fakebook” (2009) claims that there are tons of fake Facebook profiles and other fake e-profiles for many different reasons. Gruber explains what Facebook is, talks about how an impostor created a fake Facebook of one of her friends, how she researched fake profiles and why they are created, how people have their Facebook page set up, how it can be dangerous and how it can affect them from getting job. Her purpose is to inform the reader in order to tell then that there are people that create fake Facebook profiles and other fake e-profiles for dangerous reasons and a person should be careful what they post on it. This entire article is about Facebook and other social networking so the intended audience for this would be people that have social networking profiles and people considering to get a social networking profile.

Gruber, Ruth Ellen. "Facebook Fakebook." New Leader 92.2 (2009): 8-10. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.

Precis of "Students Create Fake E-Profiles to Bully Peers" by Michelle R. Davis

            Michelle R. Davis talks about fake cyber e-profiles and cyber bulling in her article “Students Create Fake E-Profiles to Bully Peers” (2012) suggest the issues that fake e-profiles are causing. Davis starts off talking about a couple cases were fake e-profiles were created to bully students, how its dealt with, the legal issues with fake e-profiles and cyber profiles, the alternatives to court and how a school that dealt with a fake e-profile learned a lesson form the experience and created rules to keep it from happening again. The author’s purpose is to bring fake e-profiles and cyber bulling to schools and the law attention in order to have rules/laws created to keep it from happing since both students’ and staffs identities are being taken to bully other students. School staff and the government are the audience of this because both could keep this from happening but parents can also be the audience so that they could keep their child from being bullied by a fake e-profile.

Davis, Michelle R. "Students Create Fake E-Profiles to Bully Peers." Education Week 31.27 (2012): 1-13. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.

10 Things to Think About

1.       Why do some people have problem with same sex couples marring?

2.       Why is it that some people think abusing animals okay?

3.       Why do people bully others?

4.       Why do people discriminate against others based on race/gender?

5.       Why must people wear name brand clothing?

6.       Why do people follow a religion?

7.       Why do we search for someone to love us?

8.       Why do people make fake Facebook/dating profiles?

9.       Why do we idealize the rich and famous?

10.   Why are we obsessed with “new” and “better” things?

Good Reasons Ch 9 Casual Arguments Rhetorical Precis

            In the book Good Reasons Lester Faigley and Jack Selzer’s claim that the reader will learn the basics of writing a casual argument. They support their thesis by telling the reader how casual arguments work, how to find causes, how to build a casual argument, steps to writing a casual argument, how to write about it and examples of written casual arguments. The authors’ purpose is to explain that casual argument can take three basic forms, causes can be identified by using four different methods and effective casual argument go beyond the obvious causes to explore complex relationships in order to teach the reader write casual arguments well. College students and really anyone having to or wanting to write a casual argument is who this chapter is intended for; they show different examples of casual arguments, such as articles and a student’s essay.

 

Good Reasons Chapter 7 "Putting Good Reasons into Action" Rhetorical Precis

In Lester Faigley and Jack Selzer’s book Good Reasons imply that the reader will learn that most arguments use multiple approaches to achieve a specific purpose, thinking explicitly about the structure of arguments can help identify different ways to approach the topic and using different kinds of arguments can help you get started writing about a complex topic. The authors support their thesis by talking about finding a purpose for writing an argument, defining what diversity could mean according to the topic, how to write about your topic and getting started writing about complex issues. Their purpose is to show how picking a more specific topic is important in order to write about more complex topics. The intended audience for this chapter is college students or anyone else writing a about complex issues because Faigley and Selzer’s tell the reader how to write about complex issues.

Should Inforamtion Be Free??

Information should be free to the public, because it is mostly only avail be to college professors and college students. Most people do not even go to college for one reason or another but that does not mean they should not be able to get a hold of information. Many people do not go to college because it is to expansive and because colleges have to pay data bases to use them for information that only makes school cost much more as to if it was free more people would be able to afford school and attend. It is not fair to the people that do not attend school to not get information when reading is a great way to receive education. Being able to access information for free would lead to people reading more and becoming more educated and putting that knowledge to good use. Most of the authors that write the information that is not free does not even see a single cent of the money that goes to people getting what he/she wrote about so why should the company/journal they send their work to make money off them and the author gets nothing, if they get nothing neither should the company/journal publishing the work. Wikis are a good model of free information and others should follow their examples. Having free information would lead to smarter and more educated people. I understand if some information is not free but most information should be just like education is free to an extent, which is how information should be too. Education is what gives a person power if you are the smartest person everyone will follow but if information is free then everyone will have their own thoughts and opinions. Then if everyone has access to be the smartest there will no leaders but that is not true someone will always know more on a subject than another but that is life and if everyone has access to information then new and better things can be done and create new and better things. Free information is the key to a better and brighter future and information should be shared and not just for the rich.

Precis of "The Rhetorical Precis" by Margaret K. Woodworth

In Margaret K. Woodworth's essay "The Rhetorical Précis" (1988) she claims writing a rhetorical précis helps students’ better understand written and spoken words no matter what the subject is and that it can help in any class even if it is not asked to do it helps the student with the class.  Woodworth supports her thesis by explaining the rhetorical précis form, the teaching strategies, how it can be applied in class to get the students to learn it, how to apply in other courses and then assessments of what students think about using it. She also uses the actual assessments from her students to back up her claim. Woodworth’s purpose is to have students learn how to do a rhetorical précis and apply in every class, “The rhetorical précis form is a highly structured four-sentence paragraph. . . Once students have mastered the form, they are heartily encouraged to create other, less rigid forms to accommodate the information,” in order to better understand the written and spoken word. The audience for this essay are college professors since Woodworth says it is for college students and how it helps them in all their courses once they have mastered the form but college students can also be the audience since this does help them and the essay says how to use and practice writing a rhetorical précis.

The Rhetorical Précis of Aaron Swartz, Coder and Activist, Dead at 26”

Kevin Poulsen wrote the article “Aaron Swartz, Coder and Activist, Dead at 26” (January 12, 2013) to suggest Aaron Swart’s death is tragic and “that the world is a poorer place for the loss” to show that the world will now have unsolved technological problems. Poulsen talks about all the things he did technological starting at when he was fourteen years old to the present. The authors purpose is to show how important Aaron was and the tragedy of his passing, “The world is robbed of a half-century of all the things we can’t even imagine Aaron would have accomplished with the remainder of his life”, in order to sow that he was very much needed in the world and should not have taken his own life. The intended audience is for coders and other technological people like Aaron since the article is about what Aaron did technologically and the government since he brings up how Aaron hacked and downloaded articles from the JSTOR and his trial.